How to Acquire Turkish Citizenship? Comprehensive Guide (2025 Update)

Introduction   

Citizenship of the Republic of Turkey is an important status that grants individuals many rights and responsibilities. It is possible to obtain this right either by being born in Turkey or subsequently through various means. In this comprehensive guide, within the framework of the Turkish Citizenship Law No. 5901 and the regulation concerning its implementation, you will find detailed information on the ways to acquire Turkish citizenship, the fundamental principles and conditions required by these ways, and the application processes. At SKF Vision Law, our aim is to provide clear and understandable answers to your questions regarding the citizenship acquisition process.

What are the Main Ways to Acquire Turkish Citizenship?

The Turkish Citizenship Law states that Turkish citizenship can be acquired in two main ways: by birth or subsequently.

1. Citizenship Acquired by Birth

Turkish citizenship acquired by birth is obtained automatically, without depending on the individual's will, if the conditions specified in the law are met, and it is valid from the moment of birth. This form of acquisition is based on two fundamental principles:

Citizenship by Descent (Jus Sanguinis)

The most fundamental principle is that the child is born to a Turkish citizen mother or father.

• Children Born Within Wedlock: A child born within wedlock to a Turkish citizen mother or father is a Turkish citizen from birth, regardless of the place of birth. Thus, it is sufficient for at least one of the parents to be a Turkish citizen.
• Children Born Outside of Wedlock:
  • Child Born to a Turkish Citizen Mother: A child born outside of wedlock to a Turkish citizen mother is a Turkish citizen from birth.
  • Child Born to a Turkish Citizen Father: For a child born outside of wedlock to a foreign mother to become a Turkish citizen, the lineage with the Turkish citizen father must be established according to the provisions of the Turkish Civil Code (e.g., through recognition or a paternity lawsuit). Once the lineage is established, the child acquires Turkish citizenship from birth.

Citizenship by Place of Birth (Jus Soli)

This principle is regulated primarily to prevent statelessness.

• Child Born in Turkey and Unable to Acquire Citizenship: A child born in Turkey who does not acquire the citizenship of any country by birth due to their foreign mother and father becomes a Turkish citizen from birth.
• Child Found in Turkey: Children found in Turkey are presumed to have been born in Turkey unless proven otherwise, and can acquire Turkish citizenship this way.

2. Subsequently Acquired Citizenship

This is when individuals who could not acquire citizenship by birth obtain Turkish citizenship by fulfilling specific conditions and usually through an application process. The main ways are:

What are the Ways and Detailed Conditions for Acquiring Turkish Citizenship Subsequently?

Acquisition of Citizenship by Decision of the Competent Authority

This route is divided into different categories:

• General Acquisition of Citizenship: A foreigner can acquire Turkish citizenship by a decision of the Ministry of Interior if they meet all of the following conditions:
  1. Adulthood and Discretion: Being an adult and having the capacity of discretion according to their own national law, or Turkish law if stateless.
  2. Uninterrupted Residence: Having resided in Turkey uninterruptedly for five years rückwirkend from the date of application.
  3. Intention to Settle in Turkey: Confirming through their conduct that they have decided to settle in Turkey (acquiring property, establishing a business, marrying, etc.).
  4. Health Condition: Not having any disease that poses a danger to public health.
  5. Good Moral Character: Demonstrating behavior consistent with societal values.
  6. Turkish Language Proficiency: Being able to speak Turkish at a sufficient level.
  7. Source of Livelihood: Having an income or profession to provide for themselves and their dependents.
  8. National Security and Public Order: Not having any condition that would constitute an obstacle in terms of national security and public order.
• Exceptional Acquisition of Citizenship: Individuals who can make significant contributions to Turkey or foreigners who make specific investments can acquire Turkish citizenship by a Presidential decision, generally without the residence requirement.
• Reacquisition of Citizenship: Individuals who previously lost Turkish citizenship can reacquire it under certain conditions (sometimes with a residence requirement, sometimes without).
• Acquisition of Citizenship by Marriage: Foreigners who have been married to a Turkish citizen for at least three years and whose marriage continues can acquire citizenship if they meet conditions such as living in family unity and not posing a threat to national security.

Acquisition of Citizenship by Adoption

A minor foreigner adopted by a Turkish citizen can acquire Turkish citizenship, provided there is no obstacle in terms of national security and public order.

Acquisition of Citizenship by Exercise of the Right of Choice

Individuals who lost Turkish citizenship involuntarily due to their parents and apply within three years of reaching adulthood can acquire Turkish citizenship by exercising their right of choice.   

Application Processes and Points to Consider

Turkish citizenship application processes vary depending on the chosen acquisition method. Generally, applications are made to governorships or foreign representative offices. Complete and accurate documentation is critical for the smooth progression of the process. Applications are reviewed by relevant commissions and institutions; security investigations may also be conducted. The duration of the process may vary depending on the specifics of the file.

Our Professional Support as SKF Vision Law in Citizenship Procedures

The process of acquiring Turkish citizenship can involve complex legal regulations. At SKF Vision Law, our experienced team of lawyers helps you determine the most suitable application route for your situation, prepare the necessary documents correctly, and meticulously follow the entire legal process on your behalf.

Conclusion 

Turkish citizenship, along with the opportunities it offers, requires the fulfillment of specific legal processes and conditions. Since each individual's situation is unique, it is recommended to consult an expert knowledgeable about current legislation for your specific circumstances.

Contact SKF Vision Law

Do not hesitate to contact SKF Vision Law for more detailed information about Turkish citizenship acquisition processes, to have your situation specifically assessed, or to receive professional legal support during your application process. Our expert team is ready to guide you on your citizenship journey. You can reach us via our website skfvisionlaw.com.